The Middle Ages of European history [adjectival form : medieval or mediæval] is a period of international history covering roughly a millennium in the 5^th century through 16^th centuries. It is commonly dated from the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Middle Ages [Medieval], Wikipedia

This page looks at topics A to L including the Byzantine Empire, The Carolingians, The Crusades, various Medieval Directories, Feudalism, The Hundred Years War and general information sites.

The Second Page looks at topics beginning M to Z including the Medieval Church, The Renaissance, The Inquisition and The Vikings and their Influence.

Information is aimed at undergraduate level and is listed in alphabetical groupings. Some information may be useful at a higher level.

Be aware some units/topics have different titles at different universities, even though content may be the same or similar. Australian information is supplied wherever possible.

Additional unit material will be included as time permits.

All standard Glossaries are now found on this page, listed alphabetically.

If you are aware of any worthwhile information which is not included, suggestions or additions are welcome and will be given every consideration.

A - F

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Byzantium, links.

• Belisarius’ Bid for Rome
  Justinian’s plan for the western provinces.
• Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Studies Conference
  Articles, research papers, conference details, other information.
• Byzantium : Byzantine Studies on the Internet
  Resources, texts, links.
• ByzNet
  Directory.
• Constantinople, History of Byzantium
• Romans Ancient, Medieval and Modern
  Roman [?] Empire, not Byzantine.

Carolingians, The

• Carolingians and After
  From the Internet Mevieval Sourcebook. The Rise of the4 Carolingian Dynasty and Papal Support, Charlegmagne, Legal and Social Documents, Carolingian Culture, Decline and Division.
• Carolingian Canon Law
  ‘This project maps the extent of variation in “standard” legal texts known to Carolingian jurists, and identifies particular points of variation. In addition to clarifying the textual history of medieval canon law, the project will provide historical and bibliographic annotation of several hundred canons used by jurists before, during and after the Carolingian period’.
• Carolingian Empire
  Buiolduo and defense of the Frankish realm, The Empire during the Reign of Charlemagne, The Empire until the Treaty of Verdun [814-840], after theb Treaty of Verdun [843-877], The Empire until the death of Charles the Bald [877-888], military, government, references, linked pages. From Wikipedia.
• Carolingian Empire 843-888
  Map with attached information.
• Carolingian Nobility
  ‘This document sets out the families of Frankish nobility from the late 8th to 10th centuries, covering the period of rule by the Carolingian monarchs’.
• Carolingian Renaissance
  Scholarly efforts, Carolingian art, Carolingian architecture, music, economic and legal reforms, references. From Wikipedia. A related site Carolingian Dynasty, provides history and a list of the Carolingians with several other sources. Also from Wikipedia.
• Carolingian Scholarship and Martianus Capella
  ‘This website contains the edition of the oldest gloss-tradition on Martianus Capella’s De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii, based on the ninth-century manuscript Leiden, UB, Vossianus Latinus Folio 48. The photos and edition of text and gloss material of this manuscript are found in the folder Manuscript photos and edition’.
• Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance
  Lecture presentation from The History Guide.
• History of France
  This and some following pages provide a summarised coverage of the Carolingian period.
• Merovingian, Carolingian and Cluniac Monasticism : Reform and Renewal in Burgundy
  Article in Journal of Eccleiastical History. Abstract available. Connect via institution or rent article for 24 hours.
• The Carolingian Empire : A Brief Guide
  Collections of links under various headings, collated by the City University of New York. Includes links to primary documentation.
• The Carolingian Era
  From Vademecum. Article and links. A related site containing further material can be found at Imperialism in Medieval History II.

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Crusades, The

• A History of the Crusades
  Online text, 6 volumes.
• Catholic Encyclopedia : The Crusades
  Catholic viewpoint.
• Crusader States
  Maps.
• Crusades : A Defensive Gesture
  Defence of Christian role.
• Crusades - A Guide to Online Resources
• Crusaders in Mainz
  Role as Crusaders without leaving Europe.
• Empire of Sultan Salah Al-Din, 1171-1193
  Map, aligned with a map of the Crusader Principalities.
• Eugene III : Summons to A Crusade, December 1, 1154
  Original text.
• Europe at the Time of The First Crusade
  Maps.
• History of The Crusades
  ‘Intended to serve as a collaborative and comprehensive treatment of the topic, ranging in time from the first 100 years of the Crusades to their ultimate impact on the histories of the Near East and Europe. The work is comprised of six volumes, each of which is included here in its entirety’.
• Innocent III : Summons to A Crusade, 1215
• Islamic History : The Crusaders
  Islamic viewpoint.
• Jerusalem During the Crusades
  Maps.
• Medieval Sourcebook : The Crusades
• Roger of Hoveden : Fall of Jerusalem, 1187
  Original text.
• Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East
• Taking Jerusalem : Climax of the First Crusade
• The Crusades
  ‘A virtual course offered for college credit through Boise State University. Course materials are open to the general public and to other educators’.
• Villehardouin, Geoffrey de
  Text of original memoirs, 4th Crusade.
• What was the Albigensian Crusade ?
  The Cathar Crusade, Cathar beliefs, role of the church, more.

Directories - Medieval

Original texts, link sites, chronologies, … .

• Byzantine and Medieval Web Links
• Chronology, Medieval
  From 500 to 1509 with annotated links for major years/events.
• Clovis - The Middle [Dark] Ages
  History from the rise of the Germanic tribes to Charlemagne, various kingdoms, feudalism, manorialism and culture. Embedded links to major works and characters/groups.
• DScriptorium
  ‘Devoted to collecting, storing and distributing digital images of Medieval manuscripts [D is for Digital]’. Not updated for a while.
• Internet Medieval Sourcebook
  Information on this era. Full Text Sources are found here as are Maps and Images.
• Manuscripts
  More than 50 links to manuscript sources relating to the Medieval period. Includes database collections.
• Medieval and Renaissance Fact and Fiction
  Web resources on history, culture, literature and more from the medieval period.
• Medieval History
  The Middle Ages.
• Medieval Links
  History and archaeology links included.
• Medieval Resourcesonline
  ‘Developed from the Manchester University Press Medieval Sources series, this is an exciting electronic project which provides the full text of all of the books in the series for students, academics, colleges and universities’.
• Medieval Studies Links - Oxford University
• Medieval Technology Pages
  Information and resources for technology development, e.g. windmills, silk, looms, etc..
• Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
• Reference Shelf
  From the Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies. ‘A guide to online textual resources’.
• The Cambridge Illuminations
  ‘Representative selection of images from some of the most sumptuous manuscripts displayed in the Cambridge Illuminations exhibition’.
• The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
  ‘Focuses on Northern European cultures of the Middle Ages, covering Medieval English, Germanic, and Celtic Studies’. Available through participating institution in PDF and HTML formats.
• The Labyrinth
  Resources for Medieval studies, listed in directories from Archaeology to Women. Multiple search options.
• The Online Medieval & Classical Library
  ‘Some of the most important literary works of Classical and Medieval civilization’. Browse by author, title, genre, language.
• Weid’s Links to the Middle Ages
  Stronger cultural aspects.

Feudalism

• Feudalism
  Catholic view, including its influence.
• Feudalism [2]
  Excerpts with a link to the original source.
• Feudalism [3]
  Essential components, related systems.
• Feudalism [Abels]
  Lecture notes in a single article.
• Feudalism and the Feudal Relationship
  Lecture notes.
• Feudalism [Fidnet]
  Links to a range of specific topics including primary sources, dictionary of terms, more.
• Feudalism [IMS]
  From the Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Access primary documents and much more. Good introductory statement about the development of the term feudalism.
• Feudalism [Middle Ages.org.uk]
  Multiple sections with several having further sub-sections. Particular emphasis on Feudalism in England and Feudalism & Manorialism.
• Feudalism [Wikipedia]
  Definition, Classic Feudalism, Feudal society, historigraphy - incvention, evolution of the term, later studies, revolt against the term, references, other links.
• The Age of Feudalism
  Sections include how feudalism works, castles, occupations and a glossary of feudal terms, the latter two probably the most useful areas.
• The Rise of Feudalism : 850-1000 AD
  One of a series of lectures in Medieval History.
• Weid’s Links to the Middle Ages : Feudalism

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G - L

General Sites & Portals

• An Internet Hotlist on Middle Ages Research
  Designed primarily for school students but may be useful as background for students at a higher level.
• Lectures in Medieval History
  Individual topic lectures grouped under headings from The Roman Empire and Its Transformation through to The End of an Era and the Dawn of a New Age. Be sure to read the introductory section at the bottom. University of Kansas.
• Lectures on Ancient and Medieval European History
  ‘The lectures presented here are between five and ten pages in length and are meant to be downloaded and printed’. Not updated for some time but there are 30 topics to look at.
• Medieval History [Suite101]
  ‘The Medieval History page covers mainly European history from the 4^th to 16^th centuries. We cover all aspects of medieval life, from the life of the landless serf, through to the luxurious existence of members of the European royal families’.
• Medieval Life and Times
  The entry point for a huge range of information grouped under topic headings from Castles to Famous People. Information for each section is quite extensive.
• Medieval Maps
  Links, both to maps and to illustrative elements used in the mapping process.
• NetSERF
  ‘The internet connection for medieval resources’. Links in area and sub-areas from Archaeology to Research Centre, glossary. medieval news, search, top medieval sites, more. 1 600+ sites listed.
• Online Resources for Medieval Historians
  Gateway sites, Word/phrase searchable websites, Useful sites on specific medieval topics, Other Useful Sites for Medieval Historians.
• Outline of Medieval History
  Listing of topics covered on Wikipedia relating to the Medieval Period. From Wikipedia.
• Politics, Philosophy and Medieval Studies
  ‘Pages on the history of political philosophy and related topics’. Some sections are irrelevant to this area while others will prove valuable additions.
• The Crossroads Medieval Village
  A medieval village near Yass, Australia. Based on a French village.
• The Medieval History Journal
  Archived from 1998. Abstracts, PDF format versions of articles, Reference downloads.
• The Medieval-Renaissance Directory
  Annotated links to material relating to these two topics and grouped under directory headings. Some additional inclusions cover modern day activities related to the two periods.
• The New Cambridge Medieval History
  This is Vol. 6 of the complete history and covers the 14^th century. Use the Table of Contents on the right to access various chapters. These can be downloaded individually in PDF format. You need to check your institution to see if they have subscribed in order to access this.
• Timeline of the Middle Ages
  Listed by centuries from the 5^th to the 15^th century. From Wikipedia.

Hundred Year’s War, The

• 100 Years War Timeline
  Multiple pages for this.
• Account of the Battle of Crecy, 1346
  Original text — Jean Froissart. A second copy can be found here.
• Causes of the 100 Years War
• ‘Hundred Years War In The High Court Of Parlement’
• Hundred Years’ War 1336-1352
• Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453
• Joan of Arc [1412-1431]
  Links.
• Maps of the 100 Years’ War
  A second site can be found at Maps of the Hundred Years’ War [Wikimedia Commons] where you can download individual maps.
• On The Hundred Years War 1337-1453
  [Jean Froissart]
  Extracts from original writings

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