geography [n.]

1. the study of the physical features of the earth and of human activity as it relates to these. 2. the relative arrangement of places and physical features. DERIVATIVES geographer, noun.

Oxford Dictionaries

This page looks at topics beginning M to Z including areas such as Physical Geography, Quaternary Environments, Society & Environment [multiple sections], Urban Geography and a range of Tutorials.

The First Page looks at topics A to L including areas such as Cooperative Research Centres, Biogeography, GIS & GPS, Geomorphology and links to a variety of general Geography sites.

Information is aimed at undergraduate level and is listed in alphabetical groupings. Some information may be useful at a higher level.

Be aware some units/topics have different titles at different universities, even though content may be the same or similar. Australian information is supplied wherever possible.

Additional unit material will be included as time permits.

If you are aware of any worthwhile information which is not included, suggestions for additions are welcome.

M - R

Physical Geography

• Fundamentals Of Physical Geography [2nd Edition]
  Online text, in 10 chapters. Each section has a study guide, links to additional readings and related web sites.
• Internet Resources for Physical Geography
• Natural Hazards Data
  ‘Natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes affect both coastal and inland areas. The National Geophysical Data Centre plays a major role in post-event data collection. If you use data or information from this web site, please see the Copyright Notice’.
• Physical Geography
  ‘Pick the subject area from the index. Specific pages listed in each sub-index’. 10 major areas, all with keywords listed. From The Geography Site.
• Physical Geography [2]
  Information on Physical Geography, literature, notable physical Geographers, further reading, links. From Wikipedia.
• Physical Geography Links
  Part of a larger collection of Geography links. Done at a US university. A second page of Physical Geography Links [2] can be found here.
• Physical Geography Websites
  isting in topic groupings. Part of a larger Geography listing on all aspects of the subject. UK.
• Progress in Physical Geography Online
  Abstracts available for all articles but PDF downloads via a subscription or through your institution having access.
• Quizzes : Physical Geography
  ‘Rivers and seas, mountains and volcanoes, plains and mesas. Quizzes about these and other physical facts are to be found in this sub-category’. While from a trivia site, some are fairly difficult.
• The Physical Environment
  An Introduction to Physical Geography. Online textbook, with sections using articles and information developed by others. There is a glossary, atlas, blog, podcasts and links to other areas.

Quaternary Environments

Looking at forces that created change, both natural and human made. Particular emphasis on the Australian Quaternary Environment.

• Astronomical Theory of Climate Change
  Short presentation, references and links to related information.

Australian Information

• Australasian Quaternary Association
  ‘Brings together researchers studying various aspects of the Quaternary period [about the last 2 million years] in the Australasian region. It seeks to encourage research by younger workers in particular, and to inform members of current research and publications’. Its Data Archive contains ‘Australia’s repository for datasets relating to Quaternary geochronology and climate change’.
• Australian Centres of Quaternary Research
  Centres at Australian Universities. Other links also included.
• New Theory on Australia’s Megafauna Sparks Debate
  ‘Two researchers, who’ve just published a paper in the journal, Science, say there’s now compelling evidence that humans are responsible for the demise of the super-sized animals’. Another page, from the Australian Museum, entitled Megafauna Extinction Theories - Patterns Of Extinction covers not only Australia but other areas as well.
• Taming the Fire - Hypotheses
  Related to information from The Future Eaters, covering the impact of fire on Australia and megafauna.

• Boreas
  ‘Published since 1972. Articles of wide international interest from all branches of Quaternary research are published’. Table of Contents, Abstracts available. Download or online viewing by subscription or access through an institution.
• Global Land Environments Since the Last Interglacial
• Holocene Extinction Event
  Information on Megafaunal extinction in different areas of the world, younger extinctions, ongoing extinction, references, links. From Wikipedia.
• Human Dimensions of Global Change
  ‘Ten teaching/learning modules. Each consists of several units, each of which focuses on an aspect of the module’s theme. The core of each unit is a variety of student activities that have been designed to be challenging but not baffling. The activities vary in type, in the time they require, in skill level assumed, and in the skills developed. They involve critical reading; data collection, assessment, interpretation, and analysis; map reading and interpretation; field trips; interviewing; role playing; and writing for particular audiences’.
• Palaeoclimatology and Climatology Resources
  ‘The following links will guide you to publications, software, data and various other things pertinent to paleoclimate research’.
• Paleogeography Through Geologic Time
  ‘Uses some of the same palaeogeographic and plate-tectonic reconstructions as shown on the Regional Palaeogeographic Views page except the maps and globes are organized by geologic period’.
• PALEOMAP Project
  ‘To illustrate the plate tectonic development of the ocean basins and continents, as well as the changing distribution of land and sea during the past 1 100 million years’. Earth History, Climate History, research, software, animations, full-colour maps, globes, more.
• Plate Tectonics
  Theory, history, animated presentations [gif, AVI and Quicktime], links. University of California.
• Quaternary Studies
  180+ annotated links to materials from Intute.
• Tectonic Forces [Robert Maurer]
  ‘The Origin and the Mechanics of the Forces Responsible for Tectonic Plate Movements’.
• World Data Centre for Palaeoclimatology
  Lists available data sets grouped in directories from Bore Holes to Tree Rings and Speleothem.
• WWW Sites Related to Quaternary Studies
  Multiple directories on specific aspects. A second listing can be found at the Open Directory : Quaternary Studies page.

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S - Z

Society and Environment

Ecotourism

• Ecotourism
  Criteria, history, criticisms, improving sustainability, references, links. From Wikipedia.
• Ecotourism [2]
  Find how ecotourism pays its way, reduces the threat to wildlife, benefits local communities, access Free resources. The Nature Conservancy.
• Ecotourism Australia
  ‘Peak national body for the ecotourism industry’. Certification, resources, news, special features in addition to more commercial aspects.
• What Is Ecotourism ?
  ‘Introduction to the topic along with several links to more detailed information. Basic definitions have been adapted and clarified from commonly used travel industry lingo. Some links are to articles that further define ecotourism, some promote it and some attack it but all are provocative and informative’.

Environmental Justice

• Environmental Justice
  Definition, environmental discrimination, barriers to minority participation, affected groups, around the world, references, links, more. From Wikipedia.
• Environmental Justice Case Studies
  University of Michigan. While dominantly US based, there are also international cases.
• Environmental Justice in Australia
  When the RATS became IRATE. Journal article that ‘provides an example of how environmental justice can be given specific meaning in a local context. Observations of the politics of an environmental dispute are made’. Abstract, PDF copy.

Restoration Ecology

• Restoration Ecology
  Rationale, Conservation Biology and … , Theoretical Foundations, Emerging Concepts, Application of Theory, Ethical Considerations, The Era of Restoration, links, references. AllExperts.com.
• The Myths of Restoration Ecology

Tutorials and Other Activities

• ECN Weather and Climate Change Tutorials
  Upper secondary and beginning tertiary levels.
• GIS Tutorial
  USGS. Provides two tutorials on What is a GIS ? and What is ArcView ?.
• GIS Tutorials for Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced GIS Users [GISTutor.com]
• Hokanson’s World Geography
  For elementary and secondary levels, but activities may be of interest.
• Internet for Geography
  ‘Internet for Geography is a free online tutorial to help university students develop their Internet research skills. Learn how to make discerning use of the Internet to help find information for your coursework and assignments’.
• Mapcruzin
  ‘We provide free and open source GIS software applications, geography maps, geospatial data and shapefiles, tutorials and resources for students, cartographers, geographers, GIS professionals, neogeographers and neocartographers’.
• Online Tutorials
  University of British Columbia. Most in the GIS area.

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Urban Geography

• Blogs about Urban Geography
  Featured blog, others.
• Development and Cities
  ‘Papers that discuss key issues for civil society and urban authorities in regard to achieving sustainable development in cities and that critically review the role of international agencies’. All available in PDF format.
• Environmental Design Library
  Guides to City & Regional Planning Research. University of California, Berkeley. Some listings are from their library not the web.
• Globalization and World Cities
  ‘World cities are a key physical manifestation of contemporary globalization. Our site is dedicated to investigating this modern phenomenon’.
• H-Urban Web Links
  ‘H-Urban offers these web links as additional tools for urban history and urban studies’. Search by title, subject or location among databases of annotated links in areas from general references to photos and maps, portals, journals, education resources, more.
• Mapping Urban History
  GIS and the analysis of the urban space of nineteenth-century Aarhus. ‘Paper presented at the International Association for History and Computing’s XVth conference in Tromsø’
• Urban Geography [Intute]
  Links to documents, plans, groups, research, etc.. Much available online or as downloads in a variety of formats including PDF.
• Urban Geography [Journal]
• Urban Geography Research Group
  ‘Developing constructive dialogue between different factions within urban geography, between the economic and the cultural, traditional and non-traditional, feminist and non-feminist, and so on’. UK. Their Links page has sites, clearly annotated, and worth visiting.
• Urban History Resources Hub
  ‘Contains a list of Urban History and Urban Studies sites you may wish to visit’. Select alphabetically or from topical groupings. Centre for Urban History, University of Leicester, UK.
• Urban Morphology [Online]
  ‘Journal of the International Seminar on Urban Form. Published biannually, in April and October’. Tables of Contents for later issues, PDF downloads available for articles till 2001.
• Urban Policy and Research
  Routledge. Geography, policy, research methods, sociology, studies.
• Radical Urban Theory
  Eclectic collection of articles and information in a blog format.
• Resource for Urban Design Information
  ‘RUDI commissions, researches and creates materials for professionals in the public and private sector’. Includes news, guides, articles, policy papers, full text magazine, out of print texts, bookshop, more. Based in the UK. More than 5 000 pages.

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